In response to the Space Shuttle disasters, NASA and George Bush created the Constellation Program in hopes to reignite the public’s interest towards space exploration. The Constellation Program explains the objectives and goals of continuing manned space flight. Cameron M. Smith and Evan T. Davies address many of the common objections to human space exploration. The Constellation program is eventually determined to be over budget and behind schedule thus leading to its termination in 2009. Jeffrey M. Jones and Roger Launius present the public’s opinion towards the Space Shuttle and addresses the cost issue of the Space Shuttle program. With an understanding of the cost of space exploration, Stephen Hawking explains the importance and significance of sending humans into outer space.
Since the termination of the Constellation Program, a wide range of scientists and fans of science have expressed differing opinions and concerns when discussing whether manned space mission programs should be relaunched or if we should continue with the robotic-only approach for space exploration. There is a widely held view in the scientific community that unmanned robotic space vehicles are, and will always be, more efficient explorers of the universe than astronauts. Frank Close, John Dudeney, and Ken Pounds address the flaws of a solely robotic approach to space exploration (outreach potential). Ian Crawford explains the advantages that human space exploration has over robotic space exploration. Geoffrey A. Landis explores the different combinations between human and robotic exploration.
In this review, I will present an analytical framework of the advantages and disadvantages of both human and robotic space exploration. I will explain the importance of space exploration as well as space colonization. Through examination of the advantages and disadvantages space exploration, the most most efficient approach towards space colonization will be determined in the following discussion.
Since the termination of the Constellation Program, a wide range of scientists and fans of science have expressed differing opinions and concerns when discussing whether manned space mission programs should be relaunched or if we should continue with the robotic-only approach for space exploration. There is a widely held view in the scientific community that unmanned robotic space vehicles are, and will always be, more efficient explorers of the universe than astronauts. Frank Close, John Dudeney, and Ken Pounds address the flaws of a solely robotic approach to space exploration (outreach potential). Ian Crawford explains the advantages that human space exploration has over robotic space exploration. Geoffrey A. Landis explores the different combinations between human and robotic exploration.
In this review, I will present an analytical framework of the advantages and disadvantages of both human and robotic space exploration. I will explain the importance of space exploration as well as space colonization. Through examination of the advantages and disadvantages space exploration, the most most efficient approach towards space colonization will be determined in the following discussion.
http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/55583main_vision_space_exploration2.pdf
http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/223968main_HAWKING.pdf
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1203.6250v1.pdf
http://www.star.ucl.ac.uk/~iac/RAS_Report.pdf
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/7939942_Robots_and_humans_synergy_in_planetary_exploration
http://www.academia.edu/179045/_Public_Opinion_Polls_and_Perceptions_of_US_Human_Spaceflight_
http://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/bitstream/10092/2262/1/12607353_Green%20Human%20Robot%20Collaboration%20ARS%20Journal%20FINAL.pdf
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1022231703061#page-2
http://www.gallup.com/poll/121736/majority-americans-say-space-program-costs-justified.aspx
http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/223968main_HAWKING.pdf
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1203.6250v1.pdf
http://www.star.ucl.ac.uk/~iac/RAS_Report.pdf
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/7939942_Robots_and_humans_synergy_in_planetary_exploration
http://www.academia.edu/179045/_Public_Opinion_Polls_and_Perceptions_of_US_Human_Spaceflight_
http://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/bitstream/10092/2262/1/12607353_Green%20Human%20Robot%20Collaboration%20ARS%20Journal%20FINAL.pdf
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1022231703061#page-2
http://www.gallup.com/poll/121736/majority-americans-say-space-program-costs-justified.aspx